The Moderating Effect of Organizational Culture on the Relationship between Bullying and Machiavellianism
Workplace bullying is unwanted and unwarranted and has negative consequences for the victim, his colleagues and the whole organization. With the prese.
- Pub. date: July 15, 2012
- Pages: 17-25
- 472 Downloads
- 937 Views
- 0 Citations
Workplace bullying is unwanted and unwarranted and has negative consequences for the victim, his colleagues and the whole organization. With the present study, we aim to clarify the interactive effects of workplace bullying from the victims’ perception and organizational culture on the teachers ‘Machiavellianism which is a personality syndrome aiming the realization of one’s own profits with every possible means. The sample consisted of 103 teachers working in different schools in Gaziantep, Turkey. Data was analyzed by the hierarchical multiple linear regression method at SPSS 22 and ModGraph-I was used at moderating tests. The results showed that being bullied was not a significant predictor of Machiavellianism. However, organizational culture significantly and positively predicted Machiavellianism, and the main effect of being bullied on Machiavellianism was qualified by the interaction: “higher Machiavellianism was associated with higher workplace bullying under conditions of higher organizational culture.” Organizational culture operated as an exacerbation under conditions of workplace bullying.
Keywords: Workplace bullying, machiavellianism, school culture, teacher.
0
References
Aksu, A., & Balci, Y. (2009). Ilkogretim okullarinda psikolojik yildirma ve psikolojik yildirmayla bas etme [Mobbing and coping with mobbing in primary schools]. Education Sciences, 4(4), 1367-1380.
Andreou, E. (2001). Bully/victim problems and their association with coping behaviour in conflictual peer interactions among school-age children. Educational Psychology, 21(1), 59-66.
Andreou, E. (2000). Bully/victim problems and their association with psychological constructs in 8 to 12 year-old Greek school children. Aggressive Behavior, 26(1), 49-56.
Ang, H. S., & Leong, S. M. (2000). Out of the mouths of babes: Business ethics and youths in Asia. Journal of Business Ethics, 28(2), 128-144.
Archer, D. (1999). Exploring bullying culture in the para-military organization. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2), 94-105.
Aydin, O., & Ocel, H. (2009). Isyeri zorbaligi olcegi: Gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi [The Negative Act Questionnaire:
A Study for Validity and Reliability]. Turkish Psychological Articles, 12(24), 94-103.
Banka, A., & Orlowski, K. (2012). The structure of the teacher Machiavellianism model in social interactions in a school environment. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 43(4), 215-222.
Barbars, A. (2015). Interaction between organizational culture and work engagement in an it department within financial institution. Journal of Business Management, (10), 106-123.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Bayrak Kok, S. (2006). Is yasaminda psiko-siddet sarmali olarak yildirma olgusu ve nedenleri [Mobbing, the phenomenon and reasons of it, as an immersive case of psycho-violence in work]. Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal, (16), 433-448.
Blase, J., & Blase, J. (2002). The dark side of leadership: Teacher perspectives of principal mistreatment. Educational Administration Quarterly, 38(5), 671-727
Bragisky, D. D. (1970). Machiavellianism and manipulative interpersonal behavior in children. Journal of Experimental Socail Psychology, 6(1), 77-79.
Bowling, N. A., & Beehr, T. A. (2006). Workplace harassment from the victim’s perspective: A theoretical model and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 998–1012.
Cemaloglu, N. (2007). Okul yoneticilerinin liderlik stilleri ile yildirma arasindaki iliski [The relationship between school administrators’ leadership styles and bullying]. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, (33), 77–87.
Christie, R., & Geis, F. L. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.
Cowie, H., Naylor, P., Rivers, I., Smith, P. K., & Pereira, B. (2002). Measuring workplace bullying. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(1), 33-51.
Celik, V. (2000). Orgut kulturu ve yonetimi [Organizational culture and management](2nd Ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Cobanoglu, S. (2005). Mobbing/ Isyerinde duygusal saldiri ve mucadele yontemleri [Mobbing/ Emotional assault and fighting methods in the workplace]. Istanbul: Timas.
Dahling, J. J., Whitaker, B. G., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The development and validation of a new Machiavellianism scale. Journal of Management, 35(2), 219-257.
Deal, T. E. (1993). The Culture of Schools. In M. Sashkin & H. J. Walberg (Eds.) Educational Leadership and School Culture. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing.
Demir, Y., & Cavus, M.F., (2009). Mobbingin kisisel ve orgutsel etkileri uzerine bir arastirma [A research on the personal and organizational effects of mobbing]. Nigde Universitesi IIBF Dergisi, 2(1), 13-23.
Demirtas, O., & Bickes, D. M. (2014). Makyavelizm’in olumsuz durumlari ifsa etme niyeti uzerindeki etkisi: bir alan calismasi. “Is, Guc" Industrial Relations and Human Resources Journal, 16(2), 98-112.
Demirtas, Z., & Ekmekyapar, M. (2012). Ilkogretim okulu yoneticilerinin degerlere dayali yonetim uygulamalarinin okul kulturune etkisi [The effect of values-based management practices of primary school principals on the school culture]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 18(4), 523-554.
Einarsen, S. Hoel, H., & Notelears, G. (2009). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Work & Stress, 23(1), 24-44.
Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D. & Cooper, C. L. (2003). The concept of bullying at work: The European tradition. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace (pp. 3-30). London: Taylor & Francis.
Ergun, N. (2009). Orgutlerde etik disi davranislarin nedenleri ve calisanlara yonelik etik disi davranislarin havayolu tasimaciligi sektoru acisindan incelenmesi [The evaluation of the reasons of non-ethical behaviors and non-ethical behaviors towards employees in the airway sector]. “Is, Guc" Industrial Relations and Human Resources Journal, 11(3), 149-168.
Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics using SPSS. Dubai: Oriental Press.
Geis, F. L., & Moon, T. H. (1981). Machiavellianism and deception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(4), 766-775.
Gunnthorsdottir, A., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. (2002). Using the Machiavellianism instrument to predict trustworthiness in a bargaining game. Journal of Economic Psychology, 23(1), 49-66.
Gokce, A. T. (2006). Is yerinde yildirma: Ozel ve resmi ilkogretim okulu ogretmen ve yoneticileri uzerinde yapilan bir arastirma [Mobbing: A Study on public and private school teachers and school administrators] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Jose, P. (2008, March). Statistical moderation. Paper presented at the SASP Conference. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zeland.
Kanten, P., Yesiltas, M., & Arslan, R. (2015). Kisiligin karanlik yonunun uretkenlik karsiti is davranislarina etkisinde psikolojik sozlesmenin duzenleyici rolu [The moderating role of psychological contract in the effect of dark side of personality on counterproductive work behaviors]. Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 29(2), 365-391.
Kaukiainen, A. Bjorkvist, K., Lagerspetz, K., Osterman, K., Salmivalli, C., Forsblom, S., & Ahlbom, A. (1999). The relationships between social intelligence, empathy, and three types of aggression. Aggressive Behaviour, 25(2), 81-89.
Kraut, R. E., & Price J. D. (1976). Machiavellianism in parents and their children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33(6), 782- 789.
Kuscu, P. C. (2011). Orgut kulturu ve is yeri zorbaligi: ISKUR ve ORS ornegi [Organizational culture and bullying: The case of ISKUR and ORS] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165-184.
Matthiesen, S. B., & Einarsen, S. (2010). Bullying in the workplace: Definition, prevalence, antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Organization and Behavior, 13(2), 202–248.
Mendes Pekdemir, I. & Turan, A. (2015, May). Paraya deger verme derecesi, etik disi davranis ve makyavelizm egilimi arasindaki iliksiler [The degree of value of money, non-ethical behavior and the tendency between machinism tendency]. Paper presented at the 23. National Management and Organization Congress, Mugla, Turkey.
Mynard, H. & Joseph, S. (1997). Bully/Victim problems and their association with Eysenck’s personality dimensions in 8 to 13 years-olds. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67(1), 51-54
O’Fallon, M. J., & Butterfield, K. D. (2005), A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 1996–2003. Journal of Business Ethics, 59(4), 375-413.
Ojha, H. (2007). Parent-child interaction and Machiavellian orientation. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 33(2), 285-289.
Omari, M. (2007). Towards dignity and respect at work: An exploration of bullying in the public sector (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Edith Cowan University, Australia.
Ozdemir, S. (2012). Ilkogretim okullarinda okul kulturu ile orgutsel saglik arasindaki iliski [The relationship between school culture and organizational health in primary schools]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 18(4), 599-620.
Pilch, I., & Turska, E. (2015). Relationships between machiavellianism, organizational culture, and workplace bullying: emotional abuse from the target’s and the perpetrator’s perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(1), 83-93. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2081-3.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational Behavior (15th Ed.). London: Pearson.
Olweus, D. (1999) Sweden. In P. K. Smith, Y. Morita, J. Junger-Tas, D. Olweus, R. Catalano & P. Slee (Eds), The nature of school bullying: A cross-national perspective (pp. 7–27). London: Routledge.
Sutton, J., & Keogh, E. (2000). Social competition in school: Relationships with bullying, Machiavellianism and personality. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(3), 443-456.
Stolp, S., & Stuart C. S. (1994). School culture and climate: the role of the leader. Eugene, OR: Oregon School Study Council.
Sisman, M. (2014). Orgutler ve kulturler [Organizations and cultures] (4th Ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Tang, T. L. P., & Chen, Y. J. (2008). Intelligence vs. wisdom: The love of money, Machiavellianism, and unethical behavior across college major and gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(1), 1–26.
Terzi, A. R. (2005). Ilkogretim okullarinda okul kulturu [Organizational culture in primary schools]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 11(43), 423-442.
Tuohy, D. (1999). The inner world of teaching: exploring assumptions. London: Falmer Press.
Vartia, M. A. (2001). Consequences of workplace bullying with respect to the well-being of its targets and the observers of bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 27(1), 63-69.
Vartia, M. (2003). Workplace bullying- a study on the work environment, wellbeing and health (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Wilson, D. S., Near, D., & Miller, R. R. (1996). Machiavellianism: a synthesis of the evolutionary and psychological literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 285-299.
Yildiz, F. F. (2013, November). Sahte ve gercek donusumcu liderlik davranislarini ayirt etmede makyavelizm, kisisel acilim ve geri bildirim [Machiavellianism, personal acuity and feedback in differentiating fake and realist leadership behaviors]. Paper presented at the 1st Organizational Behavior Congress, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
Zettler, I., & Solga, M. (2013). Not enough of a ‘Dark’ trait? Linking Machiavellianism to job performance. European Journal of Personality, 27(6), 545–554.